{"id":22407,"date":"2019-12-09T00:50:45","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T22:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/?post_type=post_profundidad&#038;p=22407"},"modified":"2020-01-20T12:49:31","modified_gmt":"2020-01-20T10:49:31","slug":"las-heridas-del-carbon","status":"publish","type":"post_profundidad","link":"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/en-profundidad\/las-heridas-del-carbon\/","title":{"rendered":"Las heridas del carb\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>El carb\u00f3n que importa Espa\u00f1a supone violaciones de derechos humanos. A continuaci\u00f3n lo documentamos en las comunidades que habitan en zonas de extracci\u00f3n de carb\u00f3n, recogemos testimonios de personas afectadas y denunciamos la dejaci\u00f3n de responsabilidades de las empresas espa\u00f1olas que lo importan.<\/h5>\n<style>\r\n* {\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Create two equal columns that floats next to each other *\/\r\n.column {\r\n    float: left;\r\n    width: 50%;\r\n    padding: 10px;\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Clear floats after the columns *\/\r\n.row:after {\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n    display: table;\r\n    clear: both;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Responsive layout - makes the two columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other *\/\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {\r\n    .column {\r\n        width: 100%;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"container-fluid pb-5\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"container py-2\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-12\">\n<div class=\"bg-white p-4\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"column\">Este informe se ha realizado en colaboraci\u00f3n con el Centro de Informaci\u00f3n sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos.<\/div>\n<div class=\"column\">\n<div>Otras versiones:<\/div>\n<div>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/sala-de-prensa\/informes\/las-heridas-del-carbon-violaciones-de-derechos-humanos-en-las-importaciones-espanolas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/sala-de-prensa\/informes\/las-heridas-del-carbon-violaciones-de-derechos-humanos-en-las-importaciones-espanolas\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1575887705719000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEi0Ei1s3EkrpX1C2Oi-AjDVe55Cw\">Informe en PDF<\/a><br \/>\n&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/sala-de-prensa\/informes\/carbon-y-derechos-humanos-la-importacion-de-carbon-en-espana-consecuencias-en-colombia-indonesia-rusia-y-sudafrica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/sala-de-prensa\/informes\/carbon-y-derechos-humanos-la-importacion-de-carbon-en-espana-consecuencias-en-colombia-indonesia-rusia-y-sudafrica\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1575887705719000&amp;usg=AFQjCNGNh8FX_dEXgM7-uznDPlsK9I6UfQ\">Informe ampliado<\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<div>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/sala-de-prensa\/informes\/coal-and-human-rights-the-impacts-of-spains-electricity-companies-and-their-supply-chain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/sala-de-prensa\/informes\/coal-and-human-rights-the-impacts-of-spains-electricity-companies-and-their-supply-chain\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1575887705719000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEcpJtdDQufGptEqWIAGWOQSaijOA\">Resumen ejecutivo en ingl\u00e9s<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Hace ya una d\u00e9cada que, por normativa europea, comenz\u00f3 a regularse el cierre de las minas de carb\u00f3n en Espa\u00f1a. Para garantizar un cierre justo, progresivo y ordenado, se otorgaron miles de millones de euros en subvenciones a la miner\u00eda. La condici\u00f3n era que las minas estuvieran cerradas a 31 de diciembre de 2018 y as\u00ed fue. Sin embargo, las centrales t\u00e9rmicas a\u00fan contin\u00faan funcionando: en 2018, el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ree.es\/sites\/default\/files\/11_PUBLICACIONES\/Documentos\/InformesSistemaElectrico\/2019\/Avance_ISE_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14,1%<\/a> de la producci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica en Espa\u00f1a se produjo con la combusti\u00f3n de carb\u00f3n, que en la actualidad procede principalmente de importaciones de Colombia, Rusia, Indonesia y Sud\u00e1frica.<\/p>\n<p>En estos pa\u00edses el carb\u00f3n se extrae con altos costes para la salud, el medio ambiente y los derechos humanos de sus habitantes. La represi\u00f3n, la persecuci\u00f3n, las amenazas y la violencia contra las comunidades acompa\u00f1an la extracci\u00f3n de carb\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"798\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-22535 size-medium\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/12\/GP0STOQ57_High_res-1200x798.jpg\" alt=\"-\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/12\/GP0STOQ57_High_res-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/12\/GP0STOQ57_High_res-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/12\/GP0STOQ57_High_res-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Un modelo que se repite en estos lugares, que se han convertido en los principales abastecedores de carb\u00f3n del mundo, de Europa y de Espa\u00f1a y que convierte en c\u00f3mplices a las empresas exportadoras, a las propietarias de las t\u00e9rmicas y a las empresas energ\u00e9ticas productoras de energ\u00eda que no s\u00f3lo es sucia y responsable de cambio clim\u00e1tico, por los gases de efectos inver-nadero y otros contaminantes, sino que adem\u00e1s viola los derechos humanos.<\/p>\n<p>La producci\u00f3n de electricidad a partir del carb\u00f3n contribuy\u00f3 en 2018 con casi 40 millones de toneladas de CO2 en Espa\u00f1a. Las tres centrales que <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/clima\/policies\/ets\/registry_en#tab-0-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00e1s emisiones<\/a> de CO2 generaron en dicho a\u00f1o fueron las de As Pontes (7.936.709 toneladas) y Litoral (6.268.515), de Endesa, y la de Abo\u00f1o (7.075.973 toneladas), propiedad de EDP. Estas tres centrales se encuentran entre las 30 instalaciones productoras de electricidad <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com.es\/mundo-ng\/empresas-europeas-mas-contaminantes-2018_14110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00e1s contaminantes<\/a> de Europa.<\/p>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/Chart.js\/2.7.1\/Chart.bundle.min.js\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/Chart.js\/2.7.1\/Chart.bundle.min.js\" defer><\/script>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/chartjs-plugin-deferred\" defer><\/script>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/chartjs-subtitle\" defer><\/script>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=:400,700\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<div class=\"chart-container\" style=\"position: relative; height:500; width:100%\">\r\n  <canvas id=\"emisiones_generacion\" width=\"360\" height=\"360\"><\/canvas>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<script>\r\n  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No podemos dar soporte t\u00e9cnico para insertar este gr\u00e1fico en tu site.<\/p>\n        <hr \/>\n\n        \n        <h4>Traduce o adapta<\/h4>\n\n        <!-- LINK TO JSFIDDLE HERE: -->\n\n                  \n                  <p>Traduce o adapta este gr\u00e1fico a partir de su <a href=\"https:\/\/jsfiddle.net\/greenpeace\/2nek47db\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c\u00f3digo fuente<\/a> y lo puedes usar en tu site. Por favor prueba el c\u00f3digo primero para comprobar que funciona en tu site. No podemos dar soporte t\u00e9cnico a la traducci\u00f3n o adaptaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n        \n        \n        <hr \/>\n\n        \n          <!-- LICENSE HERE: -->\n\n          <p><\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/MAP MODAL -->\n\n<p>Pese a que Espa\u00f1a ya est\u00e1 inmersa en la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica, el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miteco.gob.es\/es\/cambio-climatico\/participacion-publica\/documentoparticipacionpublicaborradordelplannacionalintegradodeenergiayclima2021-2030_tcm30-487344.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Borrador del Plan Nacional Integrado de Energ\u00eda y Clima<\/a> (PNIEC) no descarta la posibilidad de que se mantengan algunas centrales t\u00e9rmicas de carb\u00f3n m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de 2030, ya que en el escenario previsto se contempla una potencia instalada de 1.300 MW para el carb\u00f3n. El PNIEC asume que la contribuci\u00f3n del carb\u00f3n al sistema el\u00e9ctrico disminuya su cuota para 2030, con una intervenci\u00f3n m\u00ednima de las autoridades, salvo que existan riesgos de alcanzar los obje-tivos de descarbonizaci\u00f3n. Esto significa que el origen del carb\u00f3n no es motivo de vigilancia alguna por parte de las autoridades y ser\u00e1n los mercados los que lo regulen<\/p>\n<p>El 28 de julio de 2017, el Consejo de Ministros de Espa\u00f1a aprob\u00f3 el Plan de Acci\u00f3n Nacional (PAN) de Empresas y Derechos Humanos que implementa los Principios Rectores de las Naciones Unidas sobre las Empresas y los Derechos Humanos. Seg\u00fan estos Principios Rectores las empresas tienen que evitar que sus actividades provoquen o contribuyan a provocar consecuencias negativas sobre los derechos humanos y hagan frente a esas consecuencias cuando se produzcan.<\/p>\n<p>Esto no est\u00e1 pasando. El presente informe, publicado por Greenpeace en colaboraci\u00f3n con el Centro de Informaci\u00f3n sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos recolecta, examina y evidencia los conflictos sociales y ambientales generados en las cadenas de suministro de carb\u00f3n de las empresas de energ\u00eda propietarias de las centrales t\u00e9rmicas de Espa\u00f1a. El informe se centra en cuatro de los principales exportadores de carb\u00f3n en el mundo: Colombia, Indonesia, Rusia y Sud\u00e1frica.<\/p>\n<p>La primera evidencia del informe es la falta de transparencia de las empresas de energ\u00eda de Espa\u00f1a sobre sus cadenas de suministro de carb\u00f3n, lo que facilita a estas a empresas no responder de manera efectiva de los impactos sociales y ambientales causados por sus proveedores y empresas subcontratadas. De esta forma no se responsabilizan de las vulneraciones de derechos humanos y da\u00f1os ambientales causados en sus cadenas de suministro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":22686,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22407","post_profundidad","type-post_profundidad","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cambio-climatico"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Las heridas del carb\u00f3n - ES | Greenpeace Espa\u00f1a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/es.greenpeace.org\/es\/en-profundidad\/las-heridas-del-carbon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Las heridas del carb\u00f3n - ES | Greenpeace Espa\u00f1a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El carb\u00f3n que importa Espa\u00f1a supone violaciones de derechos humanos. 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